This post is a summary of the class series “Essence of Tantra” conducted by Sri Shakthi Sumanan, offering profound insights into the foundational principles of Tantra. These notes serve as a reference for participants and are not self-explanatory; their true depth and meaning can only be understood through active participation in the class discussions and experiential learning sessions.
Introduction
The concept of Brahman lies at the heart of Advaita (Vedanta) philosophy, representing the ultimate, eternal reality that transcends the limitations of the material world and human perception. Brahman is described as the unchanging, formless essence that underlies all existence, beyond time, space, and duality. It is not something that can be directly perceived through the senses or intellect but can only be realized through inner spiritual practice and self-knowledge. Often referred to as “Tat” (That) or “Tat Sat” (That which is), Brahman is the source of all creation, with the visible world serving as a faint reflection of its infinite light. This step-by-step explanation delves into the nature of Brahman, its relation to Prakṛti (creative energy), and the pathways through which one can experience this supreme truth, ultimately leading to liberation (moksha). Let me break it down step-by-step in simpler terms:
- What is Brahman?
- Brahman is described as the ultimate, eternal reality that is beyond all states of existence, including the highest state of consciousness called Turiya (the “fourth state” beyond waking, dreaming, and deep sleep).
- It is unchanging (immutable) and beyond any conditions or limitations of the material world.
- Brahman and Its Nature:
- Brahman is the unconditioned Absolute Reality. This means it exists beyond the physical universe, beyond time, space, and all forms of duality (like good/bad, light/dark, etc.).
- It is referred to as Para-Brahman (Supreme Brahman), and it exists without any connection to Prakṛti (the creative energy or nature) or any of her qualities (like attributes, forms, or functions).
- Why Can’t Brahman Be Perceived Directly?
- Brahman is the inner self (Ātman) and the knowing subject—the essence of what we are. As the inner self, it cannot be seen or perceived as an object, just as your own eyes cannot see themselves directly.
- It is beyond the reach of the mind, speech, and ordinary understanding. Therefore, it is only realized through deep yogic practice and the experience of Self-Knowledge (Ātma-jñāna).
- How Can Brahman Be Realized?
- It is said that “Spirit can know Spirit.” This implies that Brahman is realized not through external study or observation, but through direct inner experience of one’s own true self. This realization is achieved through yoga and meditation.
- The Meaning of “Tat” or “That”:
- Since Brahman cannot be fully described by words, it is referred to simply as “Tat” (That)—a term that points to its ineffable nature.
- Later, it was called “Tat Sat” (That which is), highlighting that Brahman is the ultimate, real existence that underlies everything.
- Everything we see in the world—like the sun, moon, stars, and all material things—is just a reflection or a small glimpse of the light of “That” (Tat).
Context and Understanding
This paragraph conveys the essence of Advaita Vedanta philosophy, which teaches that Brahman is the only ultimate reality, and everything else is a manifestation or reflection of it. The purpose of human life, according to this perspective, is to realize this truth through spiritual practice. Once a person realizes their own inner self as identical with Brahman, they transcend all limitations and attain liberation (moksha).
In summary:
- Brahman is the supreme, formless reality that underlies all existence.
- It is beyond human senses and intellect, but can be known through inner realization.
- The material world is just a faint reflection of Brahman’s infinite light.
- Spiritual practices like yoga and meditation are pathways to understand “That” (Tat).