Kaula Tantra

Sādhaka DÄ«kį¹£Ä and Yogi DÄ«kį¹£Ä

Sādhaka DÄ«kį¹£Ä and Yogi DÄ«kį¹£Ä

In spiritual practice, the role of the Guru is of utmost importance. Just as a child exists in seed form within the mother’s womb and gradually develops, attaining completeness in its organs and limbs, and then manifests in the external world through the process of birth, similarly, the seed-mantra bestowed by the Guru is implanted in the discipleā€™s heart through initiation (dÄ«kį¹£Ä). The disciple purifies and preserves it with proper diligence, and later, it germinates and assumes a form. Over time, this manifested divine power appears as the chosen deity (iį¹£į¹­a-devatā). The fruit of iį¹£į¹­a-sādhana (spiritual practice focused on the chosen deity) is similar to childbirth.

After initiation, when the Guru-given karmas (prescribed spiritual actions) are performed with dedication, knowledge gradually arises, and from knowledge, devotion emerges. The common intellectual knowledge widely known in the world is dry and devoid of devotion. Even scriptural knowledge does not hold much value if it does not lead to direct realization. True knowledge arises from performing the Guru-ordained actions. A true Guru grants initiation based on the discipleā€™s foundational capacity, assessing their innate abilities and spiritual inclinations before imparting the teachings of Yoga. If the disciple’s foundation is weak, initiation does not take place.

The eligibility of a sādhaka (spiritual aspirant) and a yogÄ« is determined from the moment of birth. If a being is born in a kį¹£aį¹‡a (an auspicious spiritual moment), they become a yogÄ«; if born in kāla (a moment bound by temporal progression), they become a sādhaka. Those born in kį¹£aį¹‡a possess a hierarchy of spiritual authority. There is a difference between sādhaka-dÄ«kį¹£Ä and yogÄ«-dÄ«kį¹£Ä. Both initiations lead to the awakening of Kuį¹‡įøalinÄ«. Though a disciple can also awaken Kuį¹‡įøalinÄ« through personal efforts, this is an arduous process.

In sādhaka-dÄ«kį¹£Ä, such an infusion of spiritual energy occurs that, when combined with personal effort, leads to the awakening of Kuį¹‡įøalinÄ«. Kuį¹‡įøalinÄ« is a divine, luminous power. This luminous energy remains in one state for sādhakas and in a different state for yogÄ«s. By continuously performing the Guru-ordained daily spiritual practices, the awakened, purified radiance gradually intensifies, burning away the māyic coverings of desire, samskāras (past impressions), and tendencies associated with sādhaka-dÄ«kį¹£Ä and yogÄ«-dÄ«kį¹£Ä. Through this process, the sādhaka gradually ascends in their spiritual evolution.

At the final stage, in the state of perfection (siddhāvasthā), all desires are extinguished, and the previously awakened Kuį¹‡įøalinÄ« manifests as the iį¹£į¹­a-devatā in a direct, experiential form. However, at this stage, the sādhaka no longer retains the physical bodyā€”perfection (siddhi) does not occur while still embodied; rather, it is accompanied by the departure from the physical form. In contrast, the yogÄ«ā€™s foundation is distinct. A true Guru, during initiation, directly awakens the Kuį¹‡įøalinÄ«. In this state, it does not merely appear as a luminous form, as in the case of a sādhaka, but manifests as a fully formed, tangible divine power.

A sādhaka, after a lifetime of practice, ultimately attains the iį¹£į¹­a-rÅ«pa (form of the chosen deity), whereas a yogÄ« attains this realization right from the beginning. Moreover, the actions of a sādhaka and those of a yogÄ« differ significantly in nature. The sādhaka, through their efforts, transforms the luminous energy into the form of their chosen deity, whereas the yogÄ«, from the very beginning, engages in the worship of a tangible, embodied form of the iį¹£į¹­a.

A sādhakaā€™s desires are burned away, making them a worshipper of the formless divine light. In contrast, the yogÄ« possesses greater power; hence, they do not need to renounce desires but rather purify and integrate them with their divine essenceā€”this is Yoga. For this reason, yogÄ«s are able to perceive their chosen deity in a tangible, embodied form even while in the physical body. When a yogÄ« attains complete perfection, they receive supreme knowledge.

Just as fire is produced by friction, similarly, through the friction-like process of yogic action, the fire of life-force (jīvāgni) is generated. This is the fire of knowledge (jƱānāgni). This knowledge is not dry, for through its influence, the divine presence of the Supreme Being (Bhagavān) shines forth in its fullness, elevating the individual to the state of parā-bhakti (transcendental devotion). This is the secret of how knowledge gives rise to devotion. The commonly found devotion in the world is often an emotional frenzy, whereas the devotion accepted by a yogī is not in conflict with knowledge. The mature form of this devotion is prema (divine love), which represents the complete evolution of the spiritual life.

The fundamental principle of this teaching is that, through the Guruā€™s grace, the yogÄ«, in the process of spiritual practice, becomes a manifestation of divine power itself. This is known as yoga-vibhÅ«ti (the yogic glory). A true yogÄ« is one who has attained godhood, with the inconceivable power of Māyā (divine illusion) under their control. Hence, upon attaining divinity (ÄŖśvaratva), the yogÄ«ā€™s ideal is fulfilled, making them a possessor of extraordinary divine power.

There are three primary powers in this path: Icchā (will), JƱāna (knowledge), and Kriyā (action). When the power of knowledge becomes complete, the yogÄ« becomes omniscient; when the power of action is perfected, they become the doer of all actions. The integration of knowledge and action leads to the manifestation of VijƱāna-śakti (higher scientific knowledge), through which the yogÄ« can perform acts related to creation, sustenance, and dissolution. At the core of VijƱāna-śakti lies the supremacy of Prakį¹›ti (nature), for the process of creation follows the sequence of JƱāna-śakti (knowledge-power) leading to Kriyā-śakti (action-power).

However, Icchā-śakti (the power of will) operates differently. Through its influence, a yogÄ« can accomplish any task or acquire any knowledge without requiring JƱāna-śakti. When the power of will arises, knowledge is not necessary for action to occur. Likewise, no effort is needed for actions to take place. Eventually, a stage comes where even Icchā-śakti must be surrendered to Mahā-icchā (the Supreme Will), at which point the yogÄ« attains the blissful state of the unfathomable Ananda-svarÅ«pa (form of supreme bliss).

In this state, the yogÄ« has no personal desire to perform any actionā€”everything happens naturally through the Supreme Will. The yogÄ« remains perpetually immersed in Paramānanda (supreme bliss). Even within this bliss, there exists a subtle oscillation, for pleasure arises in favorable circumstances, and suffering in unfavorable ones. When the yogÄ« transcends the dualities of favorable and unfavorable, they ascend to Cit-śakti (pure consciousness). This is the external manifestation of Parā-śakti (the Supreme Power). By taking refuge in this, the yogÄ« attains omniscience of the entire cosmos.

Upon reaching this stage, no duties remain for them. Such a yogī, while engaging in nitya-līlā (eternal divine play), remains simultaneously detached and, at the same time, endowed with absolute independence and divine authority.

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The Evolution of Śakti from a Kaula Perspective

From the Kaula perspective, the evolution of Śakti follows a unique trajectory. The followers of the Śānta tradition are predominantly Advaita-oriented. Among Śāktas, various viewpoints exist, yet the Kulāmnāya perspective is particularly noteworthy. According to this view, the supreme essence that exists beyond the manifested world is known as Akūla. It is likened to an infinite, boundless ocean. When no waves arise in this ocean, it signifies the state of Viśvatirōdhāna, wherein the universe remains concealed.

Among the five primary acts of the Supreme Lord (Parameśvara), Tirōdhāna (concealment) and Anugraha (grace) are the most significant. In the state of Tirōdhāna, the divine essence remains hidden, forming the background against which the entire cosmos, composed of the knower (pramātā), the knowable (prameya), and all related entities, emerges. This universal play continues until the final dissolution. Eventually, when Anugraha-Śakti is activated, the work of Tirōdhāna-Śakti comes to an end, and the Supreme Reality is revealed in its full glory.

This Akūla Ocean should be understood as infinite, boundless consciousness. As long as the play of Tirōdhāna-Śakti persists, there is no emergence of waves. However, when the urmi (waves) begin to arise, it indicates the retreat of Tirōdhāna-Śakti. These waves are Anugraha (grace) in motion, manifesting as vibrations (spanda). Any individual (jīva) or bound being (paśu) that comes in contact with this spanda begins to undergo a transformation, which, through progressive stages, leads to the ultimate and supreme state of realization.

This spanda is merely a wave within the Ocean of Consciousness (Bodhāsamudra). It represents the emergence of Cit-Śakti. As Vitti-Śakti (the power of cognition and manifestation) expands, it dissolves the various distortions and modifications (vikalpa) of the universe, which are rooted in fundamental ignorance (avidyā). Jīvas and paśus, who have dwelled in the realm of vikalpa since beginningless time, experience a transformation when Anugraha-Śakti, awakened through Vitti-Śakti, touches them. Their perception of reality changes, leading to a transformation in their very existence.

Upon awakening, Viśakti (specialized Śakti) first consumes Kāla (Time) because, in Kaula philosophy, the evolution of Śakti within a being follows the trajectory of time, which is the root cause of conditioned perception (vikalpa). Therefore, this Śakti is known as Kāla-Saį¹karį¹£iį¹‡Ä«. When Kāla is dissolved, the jÄ«va is no longer bound by its limitations. However, this process is gradual.

The Process of Purification

The first step in this progressive purification is Prameya-Śuddhi (purification of the knowable world). Without Prameya-Śuddhi, transformation in a jīva does not take place.

The fundamental characteristic of Prameya-Śuddhi is the realization that the universe does not appear as external. When one realizes that the self is distinct from the body, the world ceases to appear as external. This is the essence of Prameya-Śuddhi. The dissolution of external appearances follows this realization.

Upon achieving Prameya-Śuddhi, the external world does not vanish, but its mode of perception changes. The world still exists and is perceived, but no longer as something externalā€”it is realized within oneself. This is akin to how an image reflected in a mirror appears separate from the mirror but actually exists within it. Likewise, when Cit-Śakti (Consciousness-Power) awakens, the external perception of the universe dissolves.

The knower (pramātā) still perceives the knowable (prameya), but not as an external entity. This awakened Cit-Śakti, in its bubhukį¹£Ä (intensely seeking) state, first assimilates the external world into itself. This is the first manifestation of Anugraha-Śakti (the grace-bestowing power).

Śaį¹…karācārya’s Insight on External Perception

Śaį¹…karācārya describes this transformation:

“Viśvaį¹ darpaį¹‡a-dį¹›Å›yamāna-nagarÄ«-tulyaį¹ nijāntargatam māyayā bahir iva udbhÅ«tam”

(“The universe, like a city seen in a mirror, is within oneself, though it appears externally due to illusion.”)

Thus, the essence of this philosophy is that Cit-Śakti absorbs the external world into itself. The knowable world (prameya) does not cease to exist, but it is no longer perceived as an object of the sensesā€”it becomes a part of one’s own being.

In Viśarga-Śakti, the world appears external to the Self, while under the influence of Bindu, it is internalized. Through this process, Cit-Śakti assimilates all objects, eliminating their objectivity. As a result, sensory enjoyment ceasesā€”objects no longer evoke desire or attachment. Instead, knowledge of objects transforms into pure rapture (rāga), which the Parāśakti experiences in a non-dual, unconditioned manner.

The Awakening of Śakti and the Role of the Vīra

This awakening of Cit-Śakti marks the first stage of spiritual realization, known as Prameya-Śuddhi. However, this experience is not for the bound jÄ«va or the ordinary being (paśu). From a Tāntric perspective, it is the domain of the VÄ«ra (spiritual warrior)ā€”a true experience of Bhoga (enjoyment), which transcends worldly pleasure and leads to TurÄ«ya (the fourth state beyond waking, dreaming, and deep sleep).

The experiencer of this state is known as Vīreśvara or Mahāvīra. In Śiva-Sūtras, Vīreśvara is described as the Bhoktā of the three states (waking, dream, and deep sleep), while the conditioned being (paśu) remains entangled in them.

This state constitutes the real worship of the Divine, where all senses become instruments of worship. The act of seeing forms with the eyes or hearing sounds with the ears is transformed into a mode of worship and meditation. This is the true Bhagavad-Ārādhana (divine worship), which remains uninterrupted in all states of existence. Śaį¹…karācārya states:

“Yad yad karma karomi tat tad akhilaį¹ śambho tavārādhanam”

(“Whatever actions I perform, all are an offering unto Śiva.”)

Upon the completion of this experience of the VÄ«ra, the state of Tuį¹‡Ä« (withdrawal) arises, leading to the emergence of Antarmukha-dashā (inward absorption). In this state, the senses, having been satisfied, turn inward and merge into the boundless space of consciousness (Cidākāśa), attaining oneness with Bhairavanātha.

As long as the senses harbor a desire for sensory pleasures, this state does not arise. But when all sensory cravings dissolve, the mind and prāį¹‡a (life-force) also cease to function. This means that the relationship between the knower (pramātā) and the known (prameya) ceases.

The Ultimate State: Anākhyā and Paramaśiva

This ultimate state is called Mahāyoga, where both Sun (Prāį¹‡a) and Moon (Mind) dissolve. It is akin to spiritual Śivarātri, a state of total awareness. The yogi, even in this non-dual state, must remain vigilant (jāgran), lest they fall back into illusion (Mahāmāyā).

The final stage is the emergence of Nirāvaraį¹‡a Prakāśa (Unveiled Light), which is the supreme goal of the JÄ«va. This state is called Anākhyāā€”beyond all descriptions. The ascent from Anākhyā to Bhāsā (Self-luminous Consciousness) occurs through successive spiritual stages, ultimately leading to the realization of Paramaśiva, where even Mahākāla (Great Time) is transcended.

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